Canada & the Caribbean · since 1840
64,603,032 daily observations from 9,210 weather stations, including the one thing no weather station here actually measures: the sun. Updated every three hours and served through an API in milliseconds.
It starts with a handful of observers and a thermometer. The archive holds every decade since, through two world wars, the arrival of the automatic station, and the satellite era.
Each stripe is a year's mean temperature, cool to warm, drawn from this archive and nothing else. The downtown station closed in 2002, so the newer one is spliced onto it with the 1.34°C difference measured over the years they both ran.
Against its own 1840–1950 average, the last decade in Toronto runs +3.2°C.
Every station in the archive, from the high Arctic to Trinidad. The brightest are the centenarians: the ones that have been reporting for longer than most countries have had a weather service.
No national daily weather network in this region publishes solar irradiance. We add it to every station from satellite record, so the archive can answer what a roof, a farm or a grid connection will actually receive. Average energy arriving on a flat surface, by month.
472 stations across 17 territories, 3,076,450 observations, back to 1898. It is a different network from Canada's and we describe it as it is: a rain-gauge network first, with temperature on a minority of sites.
One worked example of what that record is for: 85 years of Piarco read against Trinidad and Tobago's gas-turbine fleet, where hot air and peak demand arrive in the same hour.
| Territory | Stations | Observations | From | Reporting now |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puerto Rico | 285 | 2,269,436 | 1898 | 84 |
| United States Virgin Islands | 79 | 362,256 | 1921 | 22 |
| Bahamas | 74 | 111,399 | 1951 | 20 |
| Cuba | 6 | 60,831 | 1942 | 1 |
| Dominican Republic | 5 | 53,917 | 1943 | — |
| Jamaica | 3 | 41,258 | 1941 | — |
| Bermuda | 2 | 35,061 | 1941 | — |
| Guadeloupe | 3 | 27,401 | 1951 | — |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 4 | 20,569 | 1945 | — |
| Cayman Islands | 1 | 19,430 | 1966 | 1 |
| Belize | 1 | 16,196 | 1960 | — |
| Martinique | 2 | 16,160 | 1958 | 1 |
| Curacao | 1 | 13,543 | 1942 | — |
| Barbados | 1 | 12,100 | 1943 | — |
| Sint Maarten | 1 | 10,990 | 1973 | — |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 2 | 5,325 | 1949 | 1 |
| Saint Lucia | 2 | 578 | 1948 | — |
Solar is better covered than temperature here, because we add it to every station that still reports. That is the figure a PV or cooling-load question needs.
The regional average across 1,215,601 station-days since 2005. Roughly double what the same month delivers in central Canada in winter, and far steadier through the year.
Temperature, precipitation, wind, radiation, humidity, pressure, snow, degree days. Everything the archive stores, at the three cadences it stores it, with the number of stations that actually carry each one.
cdddegC-daycloud_meanpctdewpoint_meandegCdhikWh/m2/daydnikWh/m2/dayevapmmghikWh/m2/dayghi_clearkWh/m2/daygust_dirdeggust_maxkm/hhdddegC-dayprecipmmpressure_meankParainmmrh_maxpctrh_meanpctrh_minpctsnowcmsnow_grndcmsun_minutesmintmaxdegCtmeandegCtmindegCwesdmmwind_dir_meandegwind_maxkm/hwind_meankm/hceilingmcloudpctdewpointdegChumidexdegCprecip_hmmpressurekPapressure_mslkParhpctsnow_depthcmtempdegCvisibilitykmweather_codewmowind_chilldegCwind_dirdegwind_gustkm/hwind_speedkm/hdewpointdegCprecipmmpressurekParhpctsnow_depthcmsolarW/m2tempdegCwind_dirdegwind_gustkm/hwind_speedkm/hAll four of these are in the archive, with the station that recorded them and the month they happened.
How long one person would need to write this out by hand, a reading a minute, day and night, without stopping.
The whole thing on disk, about 757 bytes an observation. Two hours of phone video takes more.
To return a full year of daily weather for a station through the API. A blink takes a hundred.
Observations, monthly rollups, 1991–2020 normals, degree days on any base and the solar resource, in JSON, CSV or NDJSON. No key needed to try it.
Observations from Environment and Climate Change Canada (Open Government Licence) and NOAA's Global Historical Climatology Network. Solar irradiance from NASA POWER. Figures on this page are read from the archive itself, last updated 2026-10-21.